![]() Heredia NA (2014) Design, construction, and evaluation of a vertical hydroponic tower. Graves CJ (1983) Chapter 1: The nutrient film technique. Graves CJ (1980) The nutrient film technique. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Goodman E (2011) Aquaponics: community and economic development. ![]() Gericke WF (1945) The meaning of hydroponics. fao.org/fileadmin/templates/FCIT/PDF/Fact_sheet_on_aquaponics_Final.pd Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Southern Regional Aquaculture CenterįAO (2016) Urban agriculture in the Gaza strip through vertical gardens and aquaponics. Martin’s Press, New Yorkĭevelopment Initiatives: Global Humanitarian Assistance Report (2016)Įngle CR (2015) Economics of aquaponics. Goucher College, Baltimore, MDĭespommier D (2010) The vertical farm: feeding the world in the 21st century. Georgia Southern University, Georgiaĭaly W, Fink J (2013) Economic assessment of hydroponic lettuce production at Goucher college. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CAĬhristie E (2014) Water and nutrient reuse within closed hydroponic systems. (1-8).pdfīrentlinger D (1997) Status of the Commercial Hydroponic Industry in the United States of America. In: Community Food Security Coalition’s North American Initiative on Urban Agriculture, Portland, OR. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12(6):6879–6891īellows AC, Brown K, Smit J (2004) Health benefits of urban agriculture. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, pp 1–8īarbosa GL, Gadelha FDA, Kublik N, Proctor A, Reichelm L, Weissinger E, Wohlleb GM, Halden RU (2015) Comparison of land, water, and energy requirements of lettuce grown using hydroponic vs. In: Second international conference on water resources and arid environments. It is in line with FAO’s vision for Sustainable Food and Agriculture and supports FAO’s goal to make agriculture, forestry, and fisheries more productive and more sustainable.Ībd-Elmoniem EM, Abdrabbo MA, Farag AA, Medany MA (2006) Hydroponics for food production: comparison of open and closed systems on yield and consumption of water and nutrients. CSA is one of the 11 Corporate Areas for Resource Mobilization under the FAO’s Strategic Objectives. CSA provides the means to help stakeholders from local to national and international levels identify agricultural strategies suitable to their local conditions. CSA is an approach for developing agricultural strategies to secure sustainable food security under climate change. CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes adapting and building resilience to climate change and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. KeywordsĪccording to FAO, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security in a changing climate. Previous experiences suggest that small-scale hydroponic and aquaponic projects targeting vulnerable populations can be implemented rather quickly and produce meaningful results within a short timeframe. It can also assist with building communities and help recover from the loss of assets and from trauma of fleeing from conflicts. Frontier agriculture can leverage scarce resources, such as water and arable land, and promote inclusive economic activities that increase access to nutritious food, improve livelihoods, create jobs, promote entrepreneurship, enhance skills, and build social cohesion. This chapter shows that Frontier Agriculture, which comprises climate-smart and water-saving agriculture technologies, such as hydroponics and aquaponics, can contribute to improve overall well-being and nutritional status for farmers and groups of people that are less integrated into the labor market. There is an urgency to engage with and support refugee livelihoods. The rapid and large influx of refugees adds additional pressure to host countries’ water and public resources, which amplifies the need for more climate-smart and sustainable food production. At the end of 2020, nearly 82.4 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced, and the United Nations Refugee Agency reported that more than 26 million people were living in refugee-like situations. Many refugee and host populations are food insecure and poor.
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